Fluid-compressor.



H. D. HILDEBRAND. FLUID COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION II-LED AUG. 7, 1911.

Patented May 28, 1912.

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' FLUID COMPRESSOR.

.APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 7, 1911.

1,027,841 v Patented May 28, 1912.

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HARRY I HILDEBRAND, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

FLUID-COMPRESSOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 28,191g.

Application filed August 7, 1 11. serm No. 642,656.

'nprovements the following is a specification. 7

It is the present practice to arrange the valves bothinlet and outlet inthe head of the compressor cylinder,-a nd although the valve area ismade has been found impossible to completely fill the space between thehead of the cylinder and the piston during the intake periods,

espeoiallywhen the piston is moving at its highest rate. Similardifficulty as regards a free full discharge of. fluid is experienced inthe discharge of the air, the pressure in the cylinder rising abovenormalat or near stroke. a

The invention'described herein has for its object the provision of alarger valve area and preferably one that will increase progressivelywith the movement of the piston.

The invention is hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification,Figure 1 is a sectional elevation ota compressor having my improvementapplied thereto; Fig. 2 is a sectional view of one end of the cylinderon an enlarged scale, showing the inlet and out let valves in section;Fig. 3 is a transverse section on a plane indicated by the line IIIIIIFig. 1;'and Fig. 4 isa view similar to Fig. 2 of a modification of myim- VVith an exception hereinafter noted, it has been the practice toarrange the inlet and outlet valves in the heads of the compressor, halfof these valves being inlet and lialf outlet.

As the inlet and outlet areas were found to be too small the cy-iinderheads have been made dome shaped and conical so that a larger number ofv lves could be employed and in order to avoid eiearance the ends of thepiston were corre spondingly shaped. As the efliciency of the modernsteam or gas engine is very largely proportional to the rate of movementof the piston, modern practice demands compressors that can be operatedat high speeds. But when the rate is thus increased, it is found thatthe present valve area is too as large as practicable, it

vided with a stem maintain approximately small to prevent a drop ofpressure below atmospheric as the piston attains its highest rate. and arise above the pressure desired, during the discharge period. In orderto overcome this lack of receivingand discharging capacity, inlet oroutlet valves, or

both inlet and outlet valves are arranged at points intermediate of theends of the movements of the pistonso that said valves or the portscontrolled piston and covered discharge movement.

In the'construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the heads 1 of the cylinder2 are made conical and in these-heads are mounted valve mechanismscontrolling the inlet ports 3 by the valves, will be un-- covered duringthe intake movement of they by the compressing and connecting the supplypassage 4' with the interior of cylinder, and outlet ports 5 connectingthe cylinder with the receiving chamber 6. The mechanism controlling theinlet pprts3 may be, of any suitable construction, as for example,sistingof pressure within the .cylinder. This valve is provided with astem 8 extending outwardly through a shell 9 and having at its outer endan adjustable abutment or bearing 10 for one end of the closing spring11, the .o'pposite end thereof bearing able shoulder-12 in'th'e shell 9.

The mechanism discharge ports 5 may be of any suitable construction, asfor example, that shown. This mechanism consists of a tubular body 13extending through the outerwall of the receiving chamber 6, and a valve14 pro- 15 extending into the tubular body which servesjas a guide forthe valve. This valve is seated against pressure in the cylinder by aspring 16 interposed between shoulders in the stem or valve and thetubular guide.

Experience has shown that during the slow initial movement the end ofthe cylinder,

sufiicient pprt area can be provided in the cylinder head to atmosphericpres- In order to prevent a drop of pressure, or employing valves havinga large range of movement, as the speed of the piston increasesadditional ports 17 are provided in the sides of :the cylmder.

sure in the cylinder.

It will be understood that if one'series o.'lf these parts will notpermit a sufficient 111- flow of air that one or more additional seriesthat shown, con: a valve 7 adapted to be seated by against asuitcontrolling the outlet or of the piston from controlled by anysuitable valve mechanisms as forexample, the type herein shown anddescribed. In order to prevent an abnormal increase of pressure duringthe compressing and discharge movements of the piston, one

or more series of outlet ports, 18, 18, etc.,'

are formed in the sides of the cylinder, said ports being cont-rolled bysuitable valve mechanism preferably of the type shown and described. Inthus increasing the portareas, it is possible to employ valve mechanismshaving a comparatively small valve movement, thus avoiding the severehammering action of the valves heretofore used, which were necessarilygiven a large movement to utilize the entire port area.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the heads 1 are formed withcylindrical extensions 19 which form the ends of the cylinder proper,and the ports for the inflow and discharge of the fluid are arranged inthis extension.

In Fig. 4 is shown a construction having the side ports in the cylinderproper which may be provided with a flat head I.

I claim herein as my invention:

1. In an apparatus for compressing fluids, the combination of acylinder, a piston and valve controlled ports located in the wall of thecylinder relative to the movement of the piston so as to be covered bythe latter when at the end of its stroke and to be uncovered while thepiston is intermediate the end of its stroke and point of maximum speec.

2. In an apparatus for compressing fluids, the combination of acylinder, a piston and valve controlled ports locatedin the wall of thecylinder relative to the movement of the piston so as to be covered bythe latter when at the end of its stroke and to be uncovered before thepiston has attained maximum speed. a

In an apparatus for thecompression of fluids, the combination of acylinder, a piston, and valve controlled ports, a portion' of said portsbeing adapted to be opened on the initial movement of the piston and aportion subsequent to such initial movement and the piston. v

4. In anapparatus for the compression of fluids, the combination of acylinder, a piston, valve controlled ports arranged in the head of thecylinder,

ports arranged in the sides of the cylinder.

the latter being located at points relative to the movement of thepiston that they will be covered by the piston when at the end of itsstroke and uncovered prior to the piston attaining maximum speed.

5. In an apparatus for the compression of fluids, the combination of acylinder, heads during the acceleration of the speed of and valvecontrolled provided with cylindrical portions forming the ends of thecylinder, a piston and valve controlled ports arranged in the ends andcylindrical extensions of the head.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

HARRY D. HILDEBRAND.

Witnesses ALICE A. TRILL, THOMAS JOYCE.

